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Strengthening of the concrete face slabs of dams using sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 145-160 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0806-4

摘要： In this study, sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) were applied to strengthen the concrete slabs in a concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) for the first time. Experimental, numerical, and analytical investigations were carried out to understand the flexural properties of FRCC-layered concrete slabs. It was found that the FRCC layer improved the flexural performance of concrete slabs significantly. The cracking and ultimate loads of a concrete slab with an 80 mm FRCC layer were 132% and 69% higher than those of the unstrengthened concrete slab, respectively. At the maximum crack width of 0.2 mm, the deflection of the 80-mm FRCC strengthened concrete slab was 144% higher than that of the unstrengthened concrete slab. In addition, a FE model and a simplified analytical method were developed for the design and analysis of FRCC-layered concrete slabs. Finally, the test result of FRCC leaching solution indicated that the quality of the water surrounding FRCC satisfied the standard for drinking water. The findings of this study indicate that the sprayable strain-hardening FRCC has a good potential for strengthening hydraulic structures such as CFRDs.

关键词： strain-hardening cementitious composites engineered cementitious composites sprayable shotcrete strengthening concrete-face rockfill dam digital image correlation

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300m级面板堆石坝适应性及对策研究

马洪琪

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第12期页码 4-8

摘要：

系统总结了200ｍ级面板坝建设的主要经验与教训，对４座３００ｍ级面板坝典型工程进行了分析，提出了３００ｍ级面板坝需要研究的基础科学和关键技术问题。

关键词：混凝土面板堆石坝适应性对策研究

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高混凝土面板堆石坝设计新理念

郦能惠

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第3期页码 12-18

摘要：

在分析混凝土面板堆石坝40多年经验设计及其不完全性的基础上，提出了高混凝土面板堆石坝设计新理念，即针对坝址的地形地质条件与料源情况，进行稳定安全设计、渗流安全设计和变形安全设计，阐述了稳定、渗流、变形安全设计的原则和要点，强调了变形协调原则和理论指导设计的重要性。

关键词：混凝土面板堆石坝设计新理念稳定安全渗流安全变形安全

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Features of seismic hazard in large dam projects and strong motion monitoring of large dams

Martin WIELAND,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 56-64 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0005-6

摘要： Earthquakes can affect large dam projects in many different ways. Usually, design engineers are focussing on ground shaking and neglect the other aspects. The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake has damaged 1803 dams and reservoirs, and 403 hydropower plants with an installed capacity of 3.3GW. Among these dams were the 132-m-high Shapai RCC arch dam and the 156-m-high Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam. These recently completed dams are dam types which, up to now, have not experienced strong ground shaking. The widespread mass movements have caused substantial damage to dams and surface powerhouses in Sichuan. The different features of earthquake hazard are presented, i.e., ground shaking, faulting and mass movements. It is proposed to prepare project-specific safety plans for all dams, which consist of a matrix where the possible hazards and the corresponding countermeasures are listed. The earthquake behaviors of the Sefid Rud, Zipingpu and Shapai dams, which, in the past, have experienced strong ground shaking from nearby earthquakes, are discussed. Finally, the need for strong motion instrumentation of large dams is discussed. It is proposed that major dams with large damage potential, dams located in areas of high seismicity, and dams showing signs of abnormal behavior be equipped with strong motion instruments.

关键词： seismic hazard arch dam concrete face rockfill dam strong motion instrumentation reservoir-triggered seismicity Wenchuan earthquake

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我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第12期页码 84-89

摘要：

介绍了我国大坝建设的发展和特点，概括了高坝建设中的地质勘探、坝工技术、泄洪消能、坝基处理和髙边坡处理等方面的科技成果和应用水平，展望了我国高坝发展前景并指出今后高坝科技攻关重点。

关键词：水力发电高坝重力坝拱坝碾压混凝土坝面板堆石坝

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Three-dimensional seismic response analysis of a concrete-faced rockfill dam on overburden layers

Dakuo FENG, Ga ZHANG, Jianmin ZHANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 258-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0031-4

摘要： Reasonable seismic response analysis of a high rockfill dam is of great engineering significance in guiding its design and ensuring its seismic safety during operation, especially of a concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD) on overburden layers. The three-dimensional seismic behavior of the Miaojiaba CFRD is simulated and analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). The results indicate that: 1) the amplification coefficient along the dam axis gradually increases with the altitude, and reaches maximum at the dam crest; 2) the vertical residual deformation mainly exhibits downwards and reaches maximum near the dam crest; 3) the earthquake significantly aggravates the deformation of peripheral joints; 4) the impounding condition and overburden characteristics have great effects on the dam’s seismic response.

关键词： concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD) overburden layer dynamic analysis finite element method (FEM)

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In-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD induced by the first-dam reservoir

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 81-91 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0378-2

摘要： To evaluate the effects of dam height, valley narrowness and width of concrete slabs on the first-dam reservoir filling in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD´s, 3D finite difference analyses were carried out. Behavior of rockfill dams considered in this study was defined from the monitoring of a number of 3D sets of pressure cells and extensometers installed in three large dams in Mexico. The 3D analyses results show that high in-plane transversal compressive stresses develop within the concrete panels located in the central concrete face zone upon dam reservoir filling loading. Likewise, in-plane induced tensile transversal stresses in the zones near the abutments increase the potential of slabs cracking and damaging the waterstops in-between the vertical and perimetral joints. From the results of the 3D finite difference analyses, a simple method to estimate in-plane normal stresses in the concrete face is advanced and through comparisons with the results of a 3D case numerical study, its accuracy assessed.

关键词： concrete face CFR dams reservoir filling slab in-plane stresses

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高面板堆石坝安全性研究技术进展

马洪琪,迟福东

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第3期页码 332-339 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.010

摘要：

混凝土面板堆石坝直接利用当地材料，适应性强，经济优势明显，是西部地区一批拟建高坝的重点比选坝型。中国面板堆石坝技术取得了200 m 级高坝的成功经验，为250~300 m 超高面板堆石坝的发展提供了必要的技术储备条件。本文分析了中国及世界上主要200 m 级高面板堆石坝的成功经验及暴露的主要问题，论述了250~300 m 级超高面板堆石坝安全建设面临的主要技术问题和研究取得的最新进展，并提出了今后的研究重点和思路。

关键词：高面板堆石坝安全性技术进展

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胶结颗粒料坝——环境友好的新坝型

贾金生, Michel Lino, 金峰, 郑璀莹

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第4期页码 490-497 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.003

摘要：

笔者于2009年提出了胶结颗粒料坝的概念，目的在于修建更安全、更经济的环境友好的大坝。该坝型包括胶结砂砾石坝(曾用名胶凝砂砾石坝)、堆石混凝土坝(或胶结堆石坝)和胶结土坝。本文基于研究和实践，进一步阐述了胶结颗粒料坝的概念和原则，介绍了胶结砂砾石坝、堆石混凝土坝和胶结土坝的新进展。

关键词：胶结颗粒料坝胶结砂砾石坝堆石混凝土坝胶结堆石坝胶结土坝材料特性

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Long-term behavior and safety assessment of Sance Rockfill Dam

Marta DOLEZALOVA, Ivo HLADIK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 79-89 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0010-9

摘要： Safety assessment of the 62 m high Sance Rockfill Dam based on long-term monitoring results and their simulation by numerical models is presented in the paper. Unexpectedly large settlements and horizontal movements of the crest together with the steep downstream slope questioned the safety of the dam. Calibrated 2D and 3D models fitting the monitoring results were applied for the safety assessment of the dam including slope stability analysis and estimation of the clay core cracking and hydraulic fracturing hazard. The modeling results contributed to the rehabilitation concept and project of the dam.

关键词： rockfill dam path dependence creep calibration cracking hydraulic fracturing hazard

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堆石坝坝型优选模型及评价方法研究

陈永兴,常昊天,鲁文妍,任炳昱

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第4期页码 96-101

摘要：

坝型优选属于多因素、多方案的复杂决策问题，不仅需要经验丰富的熟悉实际工程情况的专家，而且需要运用客观的分析决策技术。本文综合分析堆石坝坝型选择中的各种影响因素，建立了坝型方案优选的递阶层次结构模型。考虑了层次分析法和熵权法对权重确定的不足，将两者结合起来计算综合权重，并运用TOPSIS法对模型进行求解计算，最终确定优选方案。实际应用结果表明，该方法计算简便、结果可靠，能够为堆石坝坝型优选提供科学的决策依据。

关键词：堆石坝 AHP法熵权法 TOPSIS法坝型优选

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Dynamic in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD

Neftalí SARMIENTO-SOLANO, Miguel P. ROMO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 135-148 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0481-7

摘要： Severe earthquakes can induce damages to Concrete Face Rockfill Dams (CFRDs) such as concrete cracking and joint's water stops distressing where high in-plane transversal normal stresses develop. Although these damages rarely jeopardize the dam safety, they cause large water reservoir leakages that hinder the dam functioning. This issue can be addressed using well know numerical methods; however, given the wide range of parameters involved, it would seem appropriate to develop a simple yet reliable procedure to get a close understanding how their interaction affects the CFRD’s overall behavior. Accordingly, once the physics of the problem is better understood one can proceed to perform a detailed design of the various components of the dam. To this end an easy-to-use procedure that accounts for the dam height effects, valley narrowness, valley slopes, width of concrete slabs and seismic excitation characteristics was developed. The procedure is the dynamic complement of a method recently developed to evaluate in-plane transversal normal stresses in the concrete face of CFRD’s due to dam reservoir filling [ ]. Using these two procedures in a sequential manner, it is possible to define the concrete slab in-plane normal stresses induced by the reservoir filling and the action of orthogonal horizontal seismic excitations acting at the same time upstream-downstream and cross river. Both procedures were developed from a data base generated using nonlinear static and dynamic three-dimensional numerical analyses on the same group of CFRD’s. Then, the results were interpreted with the Buckingham Pi theorem and various relationships were developed. In the above reference, the method to evaluate the concrete face in-plane transversal normal stresses caused by the first reservoir filling was reported. In this paper, the seismic procedure is first developed and then through an example the whole method (dam construction, reservoir filling plus seismic loading) of analysis is assessed.

关键词： CFR dams dynamic analysis in-plane normal stresses concrete face

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Confining pressure effect on dynamic response of high rockfill dam

Xuexing CAO, Yunlong HE, Kun XIONG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 116-126 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0014-5

摘要： Studies show that the dynamic properties of rockfill are strongly dependent on the confining pressure. Therefore, confining pressure effect has become a very important factor in the seismic analysis of high rockfill dam. The relationships of dynamic shear modulus versus dynamic shear strain and damping ratio versus dynamic shear strain had been improved to a certain degree on the basic of widely used Hardin-Drnevich constitutive model in this paper. Then a new model that could consider confining pressure effect has been established. Regression analysis was carried out of the dynamic triaxial experimental data of the damming materials in the Changheba hydropower station of Sichun Province, China. The results show that, the new model can fit the test data well under various confining pressures. A corresponding computational procedure was compiled and applied in the dynamic response analysis of the Changheba Dam. Comparing the calculation results between the new constitutive model and the ordinary Hardin-Drnevich model, it can be seen that the result is conservative to some extent without considering confining pressure effect.

关键词： confining pressure effect high rockfill dam dynamic response Hardin-Drnevich constitutive model

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Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

Peter TSCHERNUTTER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 63-70 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0016-3

摘要： This paper demonstrates the difficulties in determining the relevant material parameters for a valuation of the deformation behavior of the up- and downstream dam shell by means of an embankment dam of medium height. Laboratory as well as field tests on solid rock-fill material were performed before the beginning of construction. During the construction the properties of the available rock-fill changed from solid to soft materials. This gave rise to the necessity of adjusting the dam design of the downstream dam shoulder. Several times higher dam settlements as well as significant differential settlements between the up- and downstream dam shell were observed during construction and operation. Apart from this situation, the dam has been operated for nearly 20 years and the behavior of the water barrier has been very good.

关键词： embankment dam bituminous concrete membrane rock-fill material properties deformation behavior